[HOW-TO] Boot Debian with X11 and wifi from SD card. (Not chroot!)
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Booting Debian with X11 on the Google NexusOne
This howto can also be found on my blog. http://www.irregular-expression.com/?p=30 Screenshots here http://picasaweb.google.com/JairunCa...eat=directlink This is a method to boot into Debian via fastboot on the nexus one from your SD-card. This is NOT a chroot Debian image, it is honest to goodness Debian running directly on the hardware. This is completely non destructive to the android OS. Connectivity to the device can be provided by adbd, ssh, or serial console. Wifi works perfectly. I have not tested bluetooth. Touchscreen works, but needs tweaking. X11 works in framebuffer using the Debian testing branch (squeeze). In order to get a full fledged X driver with 3D acceleration we'll need the driver from https://www.codeaurora.org/index.php?xwinp which I haven't been able to get to build. This doesn't mean it's broken. It just means I suck at cross compiling  .Todo: -Tweak settings to make X more usable. -Find out how to use the soft keys. -Get the CodeAurora MSM/QSD X driver working. -Find decent method to input text. -Test bluetooth -Look into using the GSM radio. -Audio -Figure out how to configure adbd. -Get someone who knows C and wants to hack on the recovery image to enable booting debian from there. This how-to pulls heavily from the debian-arm install guide. http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/arm/index.html.en Requirements: adb (android-sdk) fastboot chroot (on your phone) sdcard with room for Debian - 2gigs seems to be sufficient for Debian + xfce. I Had about a gig leftover. For this guide, I'm starting fresh with a 4GB sdcard that I'm devoting completely to Debian. According to the Debian install guide, you need at least 32MB of memory and 500MB of hard disk space. The guide recommends at least 5GB of storage for a comfortable install. But since I'm using the lighter XFCE4 desktop I haven't had any space issues. http://www.debian.org/releases/stabl...h03s04.html.en 1. Re size the SD card (don't forget to backup your data before you go messing with partition tables!!) (optional) Instead of using a partition on your main SD card, you could simply use another sdcard and dedicate the entire thing to Debian. Note: android didn't like me very much when I did this. I put in a tiny (30MB) vfat partition right at the beginning of the blank sdcard I mounted the sdcard on my Ubuntu system and used gparted to break off 2 gigs to use for Debian. Make sure you keep the normal android sdcard partition as the first partition otherwise android will not be able to find it. If you're using apps to SD or anything else like that. Debian should probably have the last partition. I'm not 100% sure on this since I don't use my sdcard for anything else. 2. Format the new partition. ext2 is probably best. (least abusive on the sdcard. ext3 & 4 have journaling which may be bad for the life of your sdcard) I used Gparted for this part as well. 3. If you are installing from an Ubuntu or Debian desktop, install debootstrap Code:
$ sudo apt-get install debootstrap 4. Mount the sdcard on your desktop. anywhere will do just remember where you put it :-p ex. Code:
$ mount /dev/sde2 /mnt/android run debootstrap you can change to a mirror closer to you if you don't want to use the US mirror - http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors I'm using the Debian testing release (squeeze). I had issues getting X11 running in lenny, and have not tested sid. (lenny is stable, squeeze is testing, and sid is unstable) http://www.debian.org/releases/ debootstrap --arch armel --foreign <release> </path/to/debian> <mirror> ex: Code:
# debootstrap --arch armel --foreign squeeze /mnt/android http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian Unmount the sdcard from your desktop. Reboot the phone here since you've been mucking with the sdcard file system. Android didn't like my sdcard until I did. Code:
$ adb shell look in /dev/block for the sdcard. Typically mmcblk0p# where # is the partition number. *note* the directory I use to mount mine does not exist under normal android. If this is your first time you will need to create the directory. Code:
mkdir -p /data/local/mnt Code:
# mount -t ext2 /dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data/local/mnt Code:
# chroot /data/local/mnt/ /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage 6. While that's working, now is a good time to get to work on your kernel I used the open source android kernel 2.6.29 http://android.git.kernel.org/ Started with mahimahi_defconfig and starting customizing from there. Things to note. - file systems - don't forget to add support for whatever file systems you need. Your root file system support cannot be built as a module. - wireless driver config - You may want to change the location the kernel looks for your wifi firmware (this is different from the kernel module). I stuck mine in /etc/firmware, default is /system/etc/firmware. If you don't change this, you will have to put the firmware in /system/etc/firmware - wireless - Add in support for standard wifi extensions. - networking - standard tcp/ip stuff... iptables if you want ect... - I wasn't able to get the kernel to boot into Debian until I turned off initramfs support. (note. this was before I discovered the 'noinitrd' kernel kernel cmdline option. So disabling initrd may not be required) - If for some reason you are using ext4, it will fail to mount unless you add in large devices and files support - Default kernel command string - has no effect. This gets overwritten when you boot with fastboot or make a boot.img - Drivers - I left all the normal android drivers in. -Changed the firmware path for wifi. -Added in support for virtual terminal under character devices -Enabled MSM serial support (if you don't have a serial cable this is useless to you) -You can build the wifi driver into the kernel if you want. Link to the kernel config I used. Use at your own risk. It works for me but I can't promise it's perfect or even good. http://irregular-expression.com/tmp/config I would love input on building a better kernel config. If you don't want to build your own kernel, feel free to use mine http://irregular-expression.com/tmp/zImage 7. Chroot and configure Debian. There are still some things that need configuring before we reboot into Debian. Since fbconsole does not appear to be working, if you don't have a serial cable you will be flying blind until Debian is fully booted and you can connect with ssh. Since there are still things to do before we reboot, we're going to chroot into Debian just like if we are using a Debian chroot image. For more information and examples of config files. http://www.debian.org/releases/stabl...apds03.html.en It's probably best to use wifi for your data on the phone for this. If you're on Linux and connected to the same router as the phone, copy over your resolv.conf Code:
$ adb push /etc/resolv.conf /data/local/mnt/etc/resolv.conf set up resolv.conf with something sane. ex. from jay freeman's original Debian chroot. Code:
$ echo 'nameserver 4.2.2.2' > /data/local/mnt/etc/resolv.conf First we need to create a couple directories. Log into the phone with adb shell Code:
$ adb shell # mkdir -p /data/local/mnt/etc/firmware # mkdir -p /data/local/mnt/lib/modules/2.6.29-droid-debian/kernel/drivers/bcm4329 # exit Code:
$ adb push <kernelroot>/drivers/net/wireless/bcm4329/bcm4329.ko /data/local/mnt/lib/modules/2.6.29-droid-debian/kernel/drivers/bcm4329/ specified in the kernel config. Code:
# cp /system/etc/firmware/fw_bcm4329.bin /data/local/mnt/etc/firmware/ make things work. This should all be run from within an adb shell Code:
# cp /sbin/adbd /data/local/mnt/sbin/adbd # sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 # export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:$PATH # export TERM=linux # export HOME=/root Code:
# chroot /data/local/mnt /bin/bash # mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts # mount -t proc proc /proc # mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys Lets finish configuring this thing. Configure adbd to run on boot and create a symlink so adbd can find bash. Edit /etc/rc.local. Add adbd before exit 0 #add this to /etc/rc.local Code:
/sbin/adbd & Code:
# mkdir -p /system/bin/ # ln -s /bin/bash /system/bin/sh don't forget if you are not using squeeze to change it here Code:
# echo 'deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian squeeze main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list # apt-get update Install some needed packages Code:
# apt-get install wpasupplicant wireless-tools udev ssh All up to your choice. Things like text editors, X, ect... some suggested packages Code:
# apt-get install locales vi When you try to load the wifi module, Linux will complain about not being able to parse modprobe.d. To fix this run depmod. If it complains a directory doesn't exist then create it. Code:
# depmod -a Code:
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time. # # This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded # at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored. # Parameters can be specified after the module name. bcm4329 or your system won't boot. If you like, mount your vfat sdcard partition here too. Don't forget to mkdir for the mount point. *note* after boot the memory card is located at /dev/mmcblk0p#. Here is my /etc/fstab Code:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # file system mount point type options dump pass /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext2 defaults 1 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/sdcard vfat defaults 0 0 These two files will be tuned to what you need. Here are a couple examples. /etc/network/interfaces Code:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp wpa-driver wext wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf Code:
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="myOpenNetwork"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=NONE
}
network={
ssid="MyHomeNetwork"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="MyWifiPassword"
}
network={
ssid="MyFriendsWifi"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="MyFriendsWifiPassword"
}
If you want ssh to start on boot run this command. *note* You will probably want to set a static IP address if you plan on accessing debian through ssh. Code:
# update-rc.d ssh defaults no need for getty so comment it out in /etc/inittab if you have a serial cable, configure it here. something like this. Code:
T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyMSM0 115200 linux configure your system's hostname - you can set this to whatever you like Code:
# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname Code:
# passwd Add user account Code:
# useradd -m -G audio,dialout,floppy,video,staff yourusername -s /bin/bash # passwd yourusername Double check your configs and have your kernel handy. The next step is to boot into Debian. 9. Boot Debian put the device into fastboot mode Code:
$ adb reboot bootloader This is probably the bare minimum. Format is "fastboot -c 'kernelcmdline' boot zImage" Code:
$ fastboot -c 'root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfs=ext2 init=/sbin/init rootwait noinitrd' boot zImage 10. Connect via ADB. If everything went well you should be able to log into the phone via adb. adb push and pull work as well. Code:
$ adb shell For a basic X11 install. This is probably not what you want. Code:
# apt-get install xserver-xorg I used XFCE. Most window managers likely depend on xserver-xorg so it will get pulled in when you install. Code:
# apt-get install xfce4 simply running startxfce4 Code:
# startxfce4 If you want to be able to run X as a user edit /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config *note* even with this I haven't been able to run X as a normal user. Only root. Change Code:
allowed_users=console Code:
allowed_users=anybody laptop touchpad. The mouse moves much faster then your finger and tapping for click isn't enabled by default but two finger tap will right click. You can also move the mouse with the trackball. Clicking the trackball registers a click. But you have to wiggle the trackball just a tiny bit after you click to make it register. I am going to work on tweaking the fdi policy files to make things a little more usable. Text entry is a bit of a pain point currently. There are several on screen keyboards out there. One interesting one I found is called cellwriter. The touchscreen will need to be tweaked before it will work well with onscreen keyboards. For other ideas on window managers and other software check out this link http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Debian |
